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Summary
Summary
Hailed as "the great nature writer of this generation" (Wall Street Journal), Robert Macfarlane is the celebrated author of books about the intersections of the human and the natural realms. In Underland, he delivers his masterpiece: an epic exploration of the Earth's underworlds as they exist in myth, literature, memory, and the land itself.
In this highly anticipated sequel to his international bestseller The Old Ways, Macfarlane takes us on an extraordinary journey into our relationship with darkness, burial, and what lies beneath the surface of both place and mind. Traveling through "deep time"--the dizzying expanses of geologic time that stretch away from the present--he moves from the birth of the universe to a post-human future, from the prehistoric art of Norwegian sea caves to the blue depths of the Greenland ice cap, from Bronze Age funeral chambers to the catacomb labyrinth below Paris, and from the underground fungal networks through which trees communicate to a deep-sunk "hiding place" where nuclear waste will be stored for 100,000 years to come. Woven through Macfarlane's own travels are the unforgettable stories of descents into the underland made across history by explorers, artists, cavers, divers, mourners, dreamers, and murderers, all of whom have been drawn for different reasons to seek what Cormac McCarthy calls "the awful darkness within the world."
Global in its geography and written with great lyricism and power, Underland speaks powerfully to our present moment. Taking a deep-time view of our planet, Macfarlane here asks a vital and unsettling question: "Are we being good ancestors to the future Earth?" Underland marks a new turn in Macfarlane's long-term mapping of the relations of landscape and the human heart. From its remarkable opening pages to its deeply moving conclusion, it is a journey into wonder, loss, fear, and hope. At once ancient and urgent, this is a book that will change the way you see the world.
Author Notes
Robert Macfarlane is the author of Landmarks which made the Samuel Johnson Prize 2015 shortlist.
(Bowker Author Biography)
Reviews (5)
Publisher's Weekly Review
Nature writer Macfarlane (The Old Ways: A Journey on Foot) expands readers' horizons while delving into the various "worlds beneath our feet" in an eye-opening, lyrical, and even moving exploration. His look at the network of roots below London's Epping Forest leads into a discussion of the recent discovery that trees share nutrients with neighboring trees that are ill or under stress, a finding consistent with new ideas about plant intelligence and a "wood wide web" of interconnected plant and fungal life. In another section, Macfarlane descends more than half a mile below the Yorkshire countryside to visit "a laboratory set into a band of translucent silver rock salt left behind by the evaporation of an epicontinental northern sea some 250 million years earlier," where a physicist is searching for proof of dark matter's existence. Here, too, Macfarlane makes counterintuitive concepts fully accessible while capturing the poetry beneath the science, describing the tangible world humans perceive "as mere mist and silk" in relation to dark matter. Perhaps most importantly, he places humanity's time on Earth in a geological context, revealing how relatively insignificant it is. Macfarlane's rich, evocative survey enables readers to view themselves "as part of a web... stretching over millions of years past and millions to come," and deepen their understanding of the planet. (June) © Copyright PWxyz, LLC. All rights reserved.
Kirkus Review
An exploration of the little-visited realms of the Earth, from deep caves to bunkers, trenches to Bronze Age burial chambers, courtesy of an accomplished Virgil.Macfarlane (The Lost Words, 2018, etc.), who has pretty well revived single-handedly the fine British tradition of literary natural history writing, can usually be found atop mountains. In his latest, he heads in the opposite direction, probing the depths of the Earth to find the places in which humans have invested considerable imaginative attention yet fear to tread. He opens with a cave network discovered in China's Chongqing province only a few years ago that "was found to possess its own weather system," with layers of dank cold mist that never see sunlight. From there, the author moves on to other places that require us to "go low," into places that humans usually venture only to hide thingstreasure, sacred texts, bodies. Now that many such places are making themselves known, exposed during construction excavations and unveiled by melting permafrost, "things that should have stayed buried are rising up unbidden"treasure sometimes, more often just bodies. All of this is occasion for Macfarlane, a gifted storyteller and poetic writer, to ponder what historians have called "deep time," the time that is measured in geological rather than human terms and against which the existence of our kind is but a blip. Even places well known or celebrated in antiquityfrom the underworld of The Epic of Gilgamesh to the Iron Age mines of the Mendip Hills of southwestern Englandare recent points on the map of that ancient landscape. As he moves from continent to continent, Macfarlane instructs us on how to see those places, laced with secrets and mysteries ("all taxonomies crumble, but fungi leave many of our fundamental categories in ruin"). Wherever he travels, he enhances our sense of wonder which, after all, is the whole point of storytelling.A treasure all its own. Anyone who cares to ponder the world beneath our feet will find this to be an essential text. Copyright Kirkus Reviews, used with permission.
Booklist Review
In the astonishing, keen sequel to The Old Ways (2012), revered nature writer Macfarlane considers the disparate spaces humanity has used to shelter, yield, and dispose that which we fear and wish to lose, and that which we love and wish to save. In three sections Seeing, Hiding, and Haunting and in vivid, rhythmic prose, Macfarlane describes a formidable array of mostly abhorred places, some underground. For example, one of the most complex, little-understood, and overlooked communication networks lies just underfoot as the roots of mighty trees and microscopic mycelia nourish and heal each other. Paris' labyrinth of catacombs and tunnels was created to cradle the dead, but it has become a lively city mirroring its above-ground sister. At the poles, glaciers are melting at an astounding rate, sounding an alarm few choose to hear. Underland masterfully and subtly argues the necessity of looking beyond our species and the Anthropocene the present era of cataclysmic change to dive into deep time and grasp the greater context of life on Earth. Humanity's past mistakes, thought long-buried, persistently reemerge, and Macfarlane urges us to confront these crucial realities. A powerful, epic journey for anyone wondering about the world below and all around us and, perhaps more important, for those who aren't.--Katharine Uhrich Copyright 2019 Booklist
New York Review of Books Review
You know A book has entered your bloodstream when the ground beneath your feet, once viewed as bedrock, suddenly becomes a roof to unknown worlds below. The British writer Robert Macfarlane has written such a book. "Underland: A Deep Time Journey" is an epic exploration and examination of darkness and the caverns underground that have captured our imaginations, pulled us downward, housed our dead and allowed us to bury our most violent secrets. It is also a descent into the beauty where dark wisdom is located. Macfarlane divides his explorations into three sections, or "chambers," devoted to "Seeing," "Hiding" and "Haunting." As he moves through them, he will take us to ancient barrows in Britain's Mendip Hills, the understory of the Epping Forest and a physics lab investigating "dark matter" from deep within a coastal Yorkshire mine. He will guide us through underground rivers in Italy and show us the pictographs known as "the red dancers" found in Norwegian sea caves. Macfarlane homes in on "something seemingly paradoxical: that darkness might be a medium of vision, and that descent may be a movement toward revelation rather than deprivation." Night vision becomes an essential strategy for survival in the Anthropocene, the new epoch we find ourselves in, which registers the human press on the planet as a geologic force. "For more than 15 years now," Macfarlane explains, "1 have been writing about the relationships between landscape and the human heart. What began as a wish to solve a personal mystery - why 1 was so drawn to mountains as a young man that 1 was, at times, ready to die for love of them - has unfolded into a project of deep-mapping." If writing books is a form of making maps to guide us through new intellectual territory, Macfarlane is a cartographer of the first order. His literary geography includes previous books like "The Old Ways" and "The Wild Places," as well as "Landmarks," a powerful retrieval of lost words analogous to lost worlds in wild nature. Macfarlane's writing is muscular, meticulously researched and lyrical, placing him in the lineage of Peter Matthiessen, Gretel Ehrlich and Barry Lopez. What distinguishes his work is his beginner's mind, his lack of self-consciousness, his physical pursuit of unlearning what he has been taught by received information. He stands solidly inside a younger generation's fierce sense of betrayal, having witnessed how "wealth levitates and poverty sinks." In the Slovenian highlands, Macfarlane and a companion "race the storm." On that day, the danger is from thunder and lightning, but the larger storm is climate change, with its shrinking glaciers and melting ice. ft's the loss of biodiversity and our inflated sense of self, our pursuit of human exceptionalism at the expense of earth's other life-forms. A report from the United Nations recently announced that a million plant and animal species are at risk of extinction. We are the cause of this, and if we care enough and are serious enough to tackle this impending tragedy, we may achieve a different outcome. One of the most affecting illustrations of our malign influence appears in the middle of Macfarlane's book. Here we meet a Norwegian cod fisherman named Bjornar Nicolaisen, who tells Macfarlane that he has four pets, "two cats and two sea eagles." We learn that he is also an activist fighting for his people, who make their livelihood in these northern waters. "To me the land does not stop when it dips into the ocean," Nicolaisen tells Macfarlane. '"ft's the knowledge about what is under the surface that for all times has kept these coastal people and this coast alive. And,' he continues, jabbing his forefinger repeatedly into the chart.... 'Here in some of the finest fishing grounds in the Arctic, here is where they were sonic blasting, testing for oil, here is where those idiots want to place the rigs.' " In 1971, oil production was initiated southwest of the Norwegian continental shelf, creating an "oil rush" in Norway. The country's economy was saturated with oil, creating "a national sovereign wealth fund," Macfarlane explains, "of more than three-quarters of a trillion pounds, equivalent to around ?150,000 per citizen." With the escalation of fossil fuel development, there is now a fight for "the soul of Norway." Nicolaisen became a leader of the resistance. And this time the resistance won, which meant the oil development stopped - at least temporarily. In a characteristic flourish, Macfarlane braids Nicolaisen's tales of water and oil into Edgar Allan Poe's story "A Descent Into the Maelstrom." It could not be more timely. "Such structures captivate us," Macfarlane writes. "Their victims are trapped before they are even aware they have been caught." Poe's story speaks "in part of the mid-19th-century dreams of the 'oceans of oil' that were imagined to exist under the earth." And now "our modern species-history is one of remorselessly accelerated extraction, accompanied by compensatory small acts of preservation and elegiac songs. We have now drilled some 30 million miles of tunnel and borehole in our hunt for resources, truly riddling our planet into a hollow Earth." "Underland" is a book of dares. Macfarlane dares to go deep into earth's unseen world and illuminate what we not only shy away from but what we don't even know exists. In a chapter called "Invisible Cities," he dares to follow a fearless shapeshifter of a guide into the catacombs of Paris, where in 1786 the city began "evacuating" its cemeteries, transferring the remains of more than six million corpses into a maze of tunnels and rooms dug out of the limestone. Macfarlane joins a party of catacomb aficionados who forgo sunlight for days, wading in flooded tunnels, coming face to face with hundreds of skulls lining the cold chalky walls. They sleep in a niche lit by tea-candles "in each of the eye sockets" of the carved monkeys who keep watch over the bones. Stuck in a narrow vein of stone, they pull their packs along, attached to their toes, as they flatten their bodies, inching their way forward and praying for an opening. Claustrophobic by nature, I became sickened by Macfarlane's description: "I can feel the stone around me, the stone that encases me, the stone that is measuring me up like a coffin, starting to vibrate." Thankfully, with a quick turn of the page, I found him released from the tunnel, in a chamber with a group of artists and musicians sitting down to a table set with fresh fruit, baguettes and Brie. This is just one aspect of the book's mesmerizing kaleidoscope of provocative encounters, many of which are tethered to the terror and surreal nature of a post-human world. Macfarlane labors in uncertainty and loves the big questions. Chapter titles like "The Understorey," "Starless Rivers" and "Meltwater" hint at their subjects: the collaborative intelligence of fungi as a network of entanglements; the danger of being carried away by underground torrents; the seduction of turquoise waters slicing through the retreating glaciers as the "ice left language beached." Sweeping journeys across the globe like "Underland" and Barry Lopez's recent masterpiece, "Horizon," may one day be seen as unthinkable extravagances, the paradox of privilege that has allowed us to fly wherever we wish and bear witness to the endgame of life as we have known it, before it disappears. There is a morality here that each of us must face on our plundered planet. Macfarlane confesses to being haunted by a vision shared by the Saami people of the Arctic, who see the underland "as a perfect inversion of the human realm," so that "the dead and the living are standing sole to sole." What does it mean to be human at a time when we're struggling with the nature of our humanity, when the world as we thought we knew it is fluid and not fixed? "Underland" is a portal of light in dark times. I needed this book of beauty below to balance the pain we're witnessing aboveground. Macfarlane reminds us of Walter Benjamin's belief that one must "make some sign to the world one is leaving." How, Macfarlane asks, do we reckon with the fact that "over a quarter of a million tons of high-level nuclear waste in need of final storage is presently thought to exist globally, with around 12,000 tons being added to the figure annually?" How do we communicate danger to future generations, how to let them know that these spent rods of uranium are not to be touched for tens of thousands of years? Robert Macfarlane asks us not only to consider but to face the haunting and crucial question: "Are we being good ancestors?" 'Darkness might be a medium of vision ... descent may be a movement toward revelation.' TERRY TEMPEST WILLIAMS is writer in residence at the Harvard Divinity School Her latest book, "Erosion: Essays of Undoing," will be published this fall.
Library Journal Review
Macfarlane (The Old Ways; Landmarks) continues to explore the connections between humans and landscape, this time revealing our complex relationship to what lies beneath. The quest takes the author to some extraordinary subterranean places, including Bronze Age funeral chambers in Somerset, England; the Timavo River 1,000 feet underground in Slovenia and northeast Italy; the Paris catacombs; Greenland's Rasmussen Glacier; and a Finnish nuclear waste depository. Terrifying white-knuckle adventures are often followed by moments of exquisite relief, as the author emerges from darkness into light, getting "high on hue." Readers will be charmed by Macfarlane's genial relationships with his local guides and horrified by how far the dreck of the Anthropocene has penetrated into seemingly remote places. His fondness for unusual words makes the writing sparkle, as do his experiments with nonfiction form-Macfarlane works the "echoes, patterns, and connections" of his underworld subject the way a poet might, and, as a master prose stylist, he can describe a glacier calving with a long sentence that's both surprising and effective. VERDICT A sterling book by one of the most important nature writers working today.-Robert Eagan, Windsor P.L., Ont. © Copyright 2019. Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.
Table of Contents
| First Chamber | p. 1 |
| 1 Descending | p. 9 |
| Part I Seeing (Britain) | |
| 2 Burial (Mendips, Somerset) | p. 23 |
| 3 Dark Matter (Boulby, Yorkshire) | p. 53 |
| 4 The Understorey (Eppirig Forest, London) | p. 85 |
| Second Chamber | p. 117 |
| Part II Hiding (Europe) | |
| 5 Invisible Cities (Paris) | p. 127 |
| 6 Starless Rivers (The Carso, Italy) | p. 175 |
| 7 Hollow Land (Slovenian Highlands) | p. 211 |
| Third Chamber | p. 243 |
| Part III Haunting (The North) | |
| 8 Red Dancers (Lofotens, Norway) | p. 251 |
| 9 The Edge (Andøya, Norway) | p. 287 |
| 10 The Blue of Time (Kulusuk, Greenland) | p. 325 |
| 11 Meltwater (Knud Rasmussen Glacier, Greenland) | p. 367 |
| 12 The Hiding Place (Olkiluoto, Finland) | p. 395 |
| 13 Surfacing | p. 421 |
| Notes | p. 427 |
| Select Bibliography | p. 447 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 465 |
| Index | p. 469 |